论行政程序在大数据下的内涵变迁

大数据时代的到来,形成了数据的普遍化和社会化,传统行政法治的内涵也因此受到了巨大冲击,行政程序作为行政法治的核心要素无疑不能例外。这既影响到行政程序在行政法中的地位、价值、内容和运行,也影响到行政程序的规制模式和构型设计。正因如此,大数据背景下行政程序规制应由粗放向精确、由程式向有序、由定性向定量、由感性向理性变迁。在行政程序构型上,应由板块式到结构式、由自洽式到自证式、由博弈式到分配式、由套路式到效率式转换,以体现行政程序的时代特性和科学内涵。     

学生学习积极性的激发策略

学生学习积极性是学生在学习活动中维持兴奋状态而表现出的一种奋发进取的心理状态。学生学习积极性的高低,是由学生对学习目标的效价及期望值决定的。要想有效地激发其积极性,需从学生的需要层次状况、学习目标、效价及期望值等方面研究其激发策略。     

侦查行为若干问题思考

侦查行为是侦查程序的主体和客体、主观因素与客观因素相互作用的复杂过程;可分为公安机关的侦查行为与非公安机关的侦查行为、侦查法律行为与侦查事实行为、实体形成行为和程序形成行为、强制侦查行为与任意侦查行为;侦查行为成立的要件包括侦查行为主体、侦查行为结构的外在方面和侦查的意思表示;侦查行为是否有效是以侦查行为是否成立为前提的,侦查行为无效的宣告体现了司法正义与程序安定的矛盾,相对无效的侦查行为是可以治愈的。     

Structural change versus turnpike optimality: A Polish perspective

Using a modified dynamic IO model for Poland which allows taking into account actual trends observed in recently available statistical data we compare the rate of economic growth calculated for different growth paths resulting from the model. The goal of the research was to examine the distance between the actual structure of production and the structure on the turnpike and its impact on the economic growth of the economy under study. The results of the study indicate that the impact of structural change on output takes place in three general stages. The benefits of structural change do not outbalance the corresponding costs immediately, since it takes several periods until the growth rate of those paths which are closer to the von Neumann ray become larger than the corresponding growth rate of the benchmark growth path.     

两种桑黄多糖的结构分析及其抗炎活性研究

目的 从瓦尼桑黄Sanghuangporous vaninii中分离纯化多糖,研究其结构特征及体外抗炎活性。〖JP〗方法 采用水提醇沉法获得桑黄粗多糖（Sanghuang Polysaccharide, SHP）,并利用Cellulose DE-52和Sephadex G-100色谱柱对其进行分离纯化。采用凝胶色谱—示差—多角度激光散射（gel permeation chromatography-refractive index-multi angle laser scattering,GPC-RI-MALS）、离子色谱（ion chromatography, IC）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜对多糖结构进行分析;利用ELISA试剂盒测定一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）及炎症细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6, IL-6）和白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β, IL-1β）释放水平。结果 从瓦尼桑黄中分离纯化得到两组均一酸性多糖SHP-1-1（0.1 mol/L NaCl）和SHP-2-1（0.2 mol/L NaCl）。SHP-1-1的重均分子量为333.599 kDa,由岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸按照11.48∶0.18∶0.28∶17.86∶27.71∶0.64∶11.75∶0.94的摩尔比组成;SHP-2-1的重均分子量为563.032 kDa,由岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸按照0.73∶0.14∶0.32∶1.13︰14.96∶1.04∶3.79∶1.50的摩尔比组成。SHP-1-1和SHP-2-1能够降低脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞中NO、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β水平,其半抑制浓度为32.35～96.31 μg/mL。结论 SHP-1-1和SHP-2-1是具有抗炎活性的均一多糖,其结构和活性研究为瓦尼桑黄的开发和利用提供了一定参考。     

Maximum likelihood estimation of structural VARFIMA models

This paper considers the maximum likelihood estimation of a class of structural vector autoregressive fractionally integrated moving-average (VARFIMA) models. The structural VARFIMA model includes the fractional cointegration model as one of its special cases. We show that the conditional likelihood Durbin–Levinson (CLDL) algorithm of Tsay (2010a) is a fast and reliable approach to estimate the long-run effects as well as the short- and long-term dynamics of a structural VARFIMA process simultaneously. In particular, the computational cost of the CLDL algorithm is much lower than that proposed in Sowell (1989) and Dueker and Startz (1998). We apply the CLDL method to the Congressional approval data of Durr et al. (1997) and find that the long-run effect of economic expectations on Congressional approval is at least 0.5718, which is over twice the estimate of 0.24 found in Table 2 of Box-Steffensmeier and Tomlinson (2000). This paper also tests the divided party government hypothesis with the CLDL algorithm.     

卧底侦查特征性分析

任意侦查与强制侦查的划分标准、卧底侦查遵循的比例原则及卧底侦查的立法与实践都显示出卧底侦查的强制性特点。而卧底侦查人员身份的隐秘与卧底侦查方式的非公开性决定了卧底侦查的隐秘性特征。从卧底侦查启动与犯罪的同步性上看，卧底侦查具有主动性特征。而卧底侦查过程中对其他侦查手段的综合性运用则彰显出卧底侦查手段的融合性特点。卧底侦查客观环境的复杂性与卧底警察在卧底过程中的被动性决定了卧底侦查行动终止的不可预期性，即终止具有随机性特点。     

中国行政审批制度的结构与历史变迁——基于历史制度主义的分析范式

用历史制度主义的分析范式,检视中国行政审批制度的结构与历史变迁,是解读该项制度变迁全貌的一个新的视角.国家宏大制度背景决定行政审批制度的选择,国家制度背景的变迁也导致行政审批制度的不断变更与革新;各种相关政治变量,包括经济水平、利益关系以及意识形态等因素与行政审批制度之间存在一种序列结构,行政审批制度与其它政府政策或制度之间也存在类似的序列结构,这种政治变量序列结构使行政审批制度处于一个制度矩阵当中,影响并制约着行政审批制度的安排;制度与制度制定及执行者之行为的互动模式则推动行政审批制度的变迁.行政审批制度变迁具有路径依赖性,也存在"历史否决点",而制度激励和制度创新是打破"历史否决点",提升制度绩效的必要手段.为此,行政审批制度的进一步变迁需要重塑政府理念,打造治理型政府,并转变政府职能,推进行政体制改革.而且,行政审批制度的进一步变迁必须契合社会主义市场经济体制的客观需要,适应加入WTO新形势的迫切要求.     

Regional lobbying and Structural funds: Do regional representation offices in Brussels deliver?

In recent years regional representation offices have proliferated in Brussels. Among the many aims of these offices are influencing the allocation and securing the transfer of European Structural and Cohesion funds. However, our knowledge about whether they have succeeded in this goal is limited. In this paper, we assess whether regional offices in Brussels have managed to affect the commitment and payment of Structural and Cohesion funds beyond the officially stated economic criteria of eligibility. The paper uses a custom-made survey of Brussels offices, complemented by economic, institutional, and political data. The results of the analyses for 123 regions over the period 2009–13 highlight that the capacity – proxied by the budget and staff of the office – of the regional offices to influence the commitment and payment of Structural and Cohesion funds has been negligible, when not outright negative. Regional lobbying in Brussels does not lead to more funds or to an easier disbursement of regional development funds.     

重申人民主权:国家权力的结构改革

在建构现代国家的过程中,中华人民共和国确立了人民主权的基本原则。应当认为,目前的政体安排是中国民主革命的必然结果,也适应了中国开启现代化过程的历史要求,但它还难以坐实人民主权原则。在国家基本制度的安排上,人民代表大会制度与人民政协制度,其功能还没能得到真正发挥,无法有效落实人民主权,而执政党对于国家权力的掌控,自身高度的行政化定位,决定性地影响了国家权力的具体运行。因此,必须区隔党权与国权,进而从目前政府改革意义上所讲的还政于民逐步走向国家建构和政体选择双重意义上的还权于民,真正坐实人民主权原则。